Note: Already selective questions even from concise syllabus. Must learn all long and short questions. Top student must learn all and other student Must learn at least those questions mentioned in Most important section. 9-computer-pairing-scheme-2026

Unit 1: Introduction to Systems

Short Questions

  1. What is System and its basic components?
  2. What is meant by system objective? OR What is Objective?
  3. What are components?
  4. What is environment?
  5. Difference between deterministic and non-deterministic.
  6. How does system interact with the environment? OR What is Communication?
  7. Difference between natural Science and design Science.
  8. What is meant by natural science of computer science with study of algorithms?
  9. Write down the characteristics of Von-Neumann Architecture.
  10. Write down advantages and disadvantages of Von-Neumann Architecture.

Long Questions

  1. Explain Von-Neumann Architecture. [95% important].
  2. Explain the cycle or working of Von-Neumann Architecture. [90% important].
  3. From Exercise do long 1 and 7[Seven is more important than 1].

Unit 2: Number Systems

Short Questions

  1. What is number system?
  2. Basic definitions of binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal number system.
  3. What is meant by second complement? OR Why to perform second complement?
  4. What is cloud Storage? OR What are cloud services?
  5. Difference between HDD and SSD.
  6. What is the range of values for unsigned 2 byte integer?

    7. Answer:
    A byte consists of 8 bits, and each bit can hold 2 possible values: 0 or 1.
    For an unsigned integer, all values are non-negative, so the range starts from 0.
    Mathematically:

    Range of unsigned integer with n bits = 0 to (2n − 1)

    Applying this to 2 bytes (16 bits):
    0 to (216 − 1) = 0 to 65,535

  7. Explain how a negative integer is represented in binary?

    8. Answer: Negative integers in binary are usually represented using two’s complement:

    1. Write the positive number in binary.
    2. Invert all bits (0 → 1, 1 → 0).
    3. Add 1 to the result.
  8. What is the benefit of using unsigned integer?

    9. Benefit of unsigned integers:

    They store only non-negative values, allowing a larger positive range than signed integers of the same size.

    Example (8-bit):
    Signed: -128 to 127
    Unsigned: 0 to 255

    Ideal for values that cannot be negative.

  9. How does the number of bits effect the range of integers values?

    10. The range of integers depends on the number of bits, since each bit can store 0 or 1.

    • Unsigned (n bits): 0 to 2n − 1
    • Signed (n bits): -2n-1 to 2n-1 − 1

    Example (8-bit):
    Unsigned: 0–255
    Signed: -128–127

    More bits → larger range for both positive and negative numbers.

Long Questions

  1. Explain Text Encoding Schemes.
    2. [95% important].
  2. Explain in detail how integers are stored in computer memory? [80% important].

    3. Answer: How Integers Are Stored in Memory

    1. Binary Format:
    Computers store numbers using 0s and 1s.
    More bits mean a bigger range of numbers.

    2. Unsigned Integers:
    Only non-negative numbers.
    Range: 0 to 2n − 1

    3. Signed Integers:
    Can be positive or negative.
    Negative numbers use two’s complement (invert bits + 1).
    Range: -2n-1 to 2n-1 − 1

    4. Memory Storage:
    Stored in fixed-size locations (1, 2, 4 bytes, etc.).

    Summary:
    Unsigned → only positives
    Signed → positives and negatives
    More bits → can store bigger numbers

  3. Do long questions 4, 6, and 8 from exercise.

Unit 3: Digital System and Logic Design

Short Questions

  1. What are digital systems?
  2. Difference between analog and digital signal.
  3. Difference between ADC and DAC.
  4. What are boolean expressions?
  5. What is boolean function and give an example.
  6. What is the signficance of truth table? OR What is truth table? OR What is the signficance of truth table in digital logic?
  7. What are Identity and De Morgan's laws?
  8. Solve examples 1 and 2 at page 61.[But now so important.]

Long Questions

  1. Explain binary variables and logic operations. [90% important].
  2. Write a note on logic gates and their functions.
  3. Explain the usage of boolean functions in computer.
    4. [80% important].
  4. perform 2 and 7 long questions from exercise. [Question 2 has same answer as question 1 has.]

Unit 4: System Troubleshooting

Short Questions

  1. What is Troubleshooting? OR What is System Troubleshooting?
  2. What is meant by preventing downtime?
  3. What is meant by data integrity?
  4. Write down the signs of Ram failure. Also write diagnostic tools.
  5. Write down the signs of hard drive failure. Also write diagnostic tools.
  6. What is meant by upgrading Ram?
  7. What is meant by installing updates and software patches.
  8. What is meant by software conflicts? OR How to resolve software conflicts?
  9. Must do all exercise shorts.[Don't worry all answers are in long 1 u don't have to learn extra.]

Long Questions

  1. Explain the systematic process of Troubleshooting? [90% important].
  2. Explain importance of Troubleshooting? [95% important].
  3. Describe the different data backup methods, including using external storage devices and cloud solutions.

Unit 5: Software System

Short Questions

  1. What is software?
  2. Difference between system software and application software with examples.
  3. What is operating system?
  4. What are device drivers?
  5. What are utility programs or software? OR What is utility software and why it is important?

Long Questions

  1. Write a note on types of software?

Unit 6: Introduction To Computer Networks

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What are Nodes and Links?
  2. Difference between switch and router with its working.
  3. What is Access Point and how does it work?
  4. What is meant by resource sharing?
  5. Difference between IPV4 and IPV6.
  6. What is DNS? OR What is Domain Name System?
  7. What is meant by DHCP?
  8. Difference between CAN and PAN.
  9. What is UDP?
  10. What is meant by TCP/IP? OR What is TCP and IP?[If ask TCP then write TCP definition only and If ask IP then write only the definition of IP. Otherwise write both definitions.]
  11. Write down the components of data Communication?[In short just write name].
    12. Least Important
  12. Write down the names of netowrk devices.
  13. What is Netowrk? OR What is Computer Netowrk?
  14. Write down the objectives of computer network.[In short just write name].
  15. What is protocol? OR What is netowrk protocol?
  16. What is medium? OR What is transmission medium? OR What is communication channel?
  17. What is Data Communication?

Long Questions

  1. Explain different types of topologies. [80% important].
  2. Explain Transmission Modes.[90% important].
  3. Explain OSI Model? OR Explain OSI Layers. [85% important].
  4. An IPv4 address is a 32-bit number. Calculate the total number of unique IPv4 addresses possible. (a) Show the calculation for the total number of IPv4 addresses. (b) How many addresses are left if 10% of the total addresses are reserved for special purposes?
    5. Answer:

    (a) Total number of IPv4 addresses

    An IPv4 address has 32 bits.

    Each bit can be either 0 or 1, so the total number of unique combinations is:

    232 = 4,294,967,296

    Total IPv4 addresses = 4,294,967,296

    (b) Addresses left after reserving 10%

    First, calculate 10% of total addresses:

    10% = 0.10

    0.10 × 4,294,967,296 = 429,496,729.6 ≈ 429,496,730

    Now subtract from the total:

    4,294,967,296 − 429,496,730 = 3,865,470,566

  5. Discuss the objectives of computer networks and provide examples of how they facilitate resource sharing and data communication.

Unit 7: Computational Thinking

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What is Abstraction?
  2. What is pattern recogniton?
  3. What is algorithm design? OR What is algorithm?
  4. What is flowchart and pseudocode?
  5. Why use pseudocode? OR Reasons to use pseudocode. OR Why use pseudocode.
  6. Difference between time complexity and space complexity.
  7. What is meant by Dry Run?
  8. What is simulation and also write its benefits? OR What is computer simulation and also write its benefits?
  9. What is LARP? And why is LARP important? OR Short question 11 from exercise.
  10. Write down the debugging techniques.[For short names are enough but detailed at least 2 points].
    11. Least Important
  11. Difference among syntax, logical and runtime error?
  12. Write down the common error messages in LARP.
  13. What is meant computational thinking?
  14. What is decomposition?

Long Questions

  1. Explain principal of computational thinking. [90% important].
  2. Explain different symbols of flowchart.[80% important].
  3. Explain algorithm design methods. [70% important].

Unit 8: Web Development with HTML CSS and JavaScript

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What is web Development?
  2. What is HTML? OR Why to use HTML? OR Which Language is used to build web or website structure?
  3. What is CSS? OR Why to use CSS? OR Which language is used for styling the content?
  4. What is JavaScript? OR Why to use JavaScript? Which language is used to add interactivity in the content?
  5. How can you include JavaScript in an html file?
    6. Answer:

    Three ways to insert JavaScript in an html file:
    1. Inline: Inside HTML elements.

    2. Internal: Inside <script> tags in the HTML.

    3. External: Separate file, linked with src. <script src="script.js"> </script>

  6. What are web servers?
  7. Difference between text editor and web browser.
  8. What is head tag and body tag?
  9. Difference between paired and unpaired tags.[Remember: unpaired tags are also called empty, self closing, or singular tags].
  10. What are links in html? OR How to create links in html? OR Why to use links in html? OR What is anchor tag? OR What is the <a> tag? How do you write it in HTML? OR Describe the syntax for creating a hyperlink in html.
  11. How to add images to a website? OR What is the use image tag? OR what is <img> tag?
  12. Difference between ordered and unordered list.
  13. How to add table in html? OR What is the use of <table> tag?
  14. What are HTML comments? Why to use OR purpose to use them?
  15. What is div or div tag in html? OR What is the function of div tag in html?
  16. What is function in JavaScript? OR What is function? OR Why to use function?
    17. Least Important
  17. How do you add a comment in CSS?
    18. Answer:

    In CSS, comments are used to explain code and are ignored by the browser.

    A CSS comment starts with /* and ends with */.

    Syntax:

    /* This is a CSS comment */

    Example:

    /* Styling the main heading */
    h1 {
      color: blue;
      font-size: 24px;
    }

  18. What is Box Model in CSS?
    19. Answer:

    What is Box Model in CSS?

    The CSS Box Model explains how an element is displayed as a box consisting of:

    Content → Padding → Border → Margin

    It controls an element’s size, spacing, and layout on a webpage.

  19. What is list?
  20. What is SEO?
  21. Difference between CSS Grid and CSS flexbox.

Long Questions

  1. Explain components of web Development. OR Types of web Development. OR Phases of web Development.[90% important].
  2. Explain different methods to insert or add CSS into Html. OR Ways to integrate CSS into Html. [80% important].
  3. Explain Why learn web Development. [70% important].

Unit 9: Data Science and Data Gathering

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What is data science and data Gathering[Also called data collecting OR Data Collection]?
  2. Difference between qualitative data and quantitative data.
  3. What is meant by organizing the data? Also write its importance.
  4. Difference between structured and unstructured data.
  5. What id data visualization? Also write its importance.
  6. What is data pre-processing?
  7. What are biases and outliers?
  8. What is data validation and data cleaning?
  9. What is Cloud Storage?
  10. What is remote access?
  11. What type of data is the number of students in your class?
    12. Answer:

    Since the number of students is countable. So, it is quantitative.

  12. Why is it important to organise data into tables or charts before analyzing it?
    13. Answer:

    Organizing data into tables or charts is important because it makes data clear, easy to read, and easy to analyze, helps identify patterns, reduces errors, and supports better decision making.

    Least Important
  13. What are online databases?
  14. What is data extraction?
  15. How to handle missing data in data science?
    16. Answer:

    Handling Missing Data:

    • Delete rows or columns with missing values.
    • Fill missing values with the average, median, or most common value.
    • Guess missing values using other data.
  16. What is data backup and automatic backup?
  17. Explain why data visualization is important. How does it help in understanding complex information?
    18. Answer:

    Data visualization is important because it turns complex data into easy-to-understand visuals. It helps identify patterns, trends, and outliers, improves understanding, and supports faster, better decision making.

Long Questions

  1. Explain data pre-processing. [90% important].
  2. Explain the methods of collecting data. OR Data Collection methods and tools.[70% important].
  3. Explain the differences between qualitative and quantitative data. Provide examples of each type. [80% important].

Unit 10: Emerging Technologies in Computer Science

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What is AI?
  2. Use of AI in Social media, health care and E-Commerce.
  3. What is Machine learning or ML?
  4. What is deep learning or DL?
  5. What is NLP?
  6. What is Computer Vision?
  7. Difference between whitebox and blackbox.
  8. How IOT is using transportation?
  9. What are IOT devices? OR What is meant by IOT? Also write its signficance. OR Describe the significance of IoT in connecting devices and systems.
  10. Explain the role of AI techniques in advancing machine learning models
    11. Answer:

    AI techniques help models learn patterns better, handle complex data, automate tasks, adapt over time, and improve accuracy and performance.

    Least Important
  11. What are sensors[Play role of input] and actuators[Play role of output]?
  12. What is Robotics?
  13. What is meant by encryption?
  14. What is decision tree and linear regression?

Long Questions

  1. Explain Subfields or uses of AI. OR Explain the fields or uses of AI? [95% important Answer on 214 page starting from Machine Learning].
  2. Explain the use or applications of AI in various domains or field.[70% important].
  3. Describe the components of an IoT system. Explain how these components work together to enable IoT applications. [80% important Answer on page 217 and 218].

Unit 11: Ethical, Social, and Legal Concerns in Computer Usage

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What is 2FA, and why it is useful?
  2. Why should you create strong, unique passwords for your accounts?
    3. Answer:

    Strong, unique passwords protect your accounts, prevent unauthorized access, reduce hacking risks, and keep your personal information safe.

  3. What is the purpose of regular software updates?
    4. Answer:

    Purpose of regular software updates:

    They keep software secure, fix bugs, improve performance, and add new features.

  4. How can you protect yourself from harmful links and downloads?
    5. Answer:
    • Avoid clicking suspicious links from unknown sources.
    • Download files only from trusted websites.
    • Keep antivirus software updated to detect threats.
    • Check URLs carefully before visiting.
    • Use browser security features like pop-up blockers and warnings.
  5. Why is it a good idea to avoid using public Wi-Fi for sensitive transactions?
    6. Answer:

    Public Wi-Fi networks are often unsecured, which allows hackers to intercept data. Using them for sensitive transactions like online banking or payments can risk exposing personal and financial information.

  6. How can you verify if an email or message is a scam?
    7. Answer:

    Check the sender’s identity, look for unusual spelling or grammar mistakes in messages claiming to be from official sources, avoid unknown links, and never share personal information without verification.

  7. Why is it important to be careful about what you share on social media?
    8. Answer:

    Content shared on social media can be seen by many people, misused, or stay online forever, so being careful helps protect privacy and reputation.

  8. What is the difference between copyright, trademarks, and patents?
    9. Least Important
  9. What is meant by online applications?
  10. What are intellectual property rights?
  11. What is the importance of using computers safely and responsibly?
    12. Answer:

    Importance of Using Computers Safely and Responsibly:

    It protects personal information, prevents malware and damage, ensures productivity, promotes ethical use, and keeps users safe online.

  12. Why is it important to respect intellectual property rights?
    13. Answer:

    Respecting intellectual property rights supports creativity, safeguards the work of creators, and helps avoid legal problems and plagiarism.

Long Questions

  1. Explain safe operation of digital platforms and devices. [90% important].
  2. Explain secure use of digital platforms.[95% important].

Unit 12: Entrepreneurship in Digital Age

Short Questions

    Most Important
  1. What is Entrepreneurship? And Why is Entrepreneurship Important?
  2. What is meant by tech Startups?
  3. Who is Entrepreneur? Also write its characteristics.
  4. What is meant by innovation?
  5. What is ideation and prototype?
  6. How do digital technologies help entrepreneurs reach a global audience?
    7. Answer:

    Digital technologies allow entrepreneurs to use websites, social media, and online marketplaces to promote products and services to customers worldwide.

  7. What is an e-commerce platform, and why is it important for businesses?
    8. Answer:

    An e-commerce platform is an online system that allows businesses to buy and sell products or services. It is important because it helps businesses reach more customers, operate online, and increase sales.

  8. Why is it important to identify market needs when generating a business idea?
    9. Answer:

    Identifying market needs ensures the business idea solves real problems, attracts customers, and increases the chances of success.

  9. What are revenue models, and why are they essential components of a business plan?
    10. Answer:

    Revenue models explain how a business earns money. They are essential because they show profitability, guide pricing decisions, and help plan for long-term growth.

  10. What are digital marketing strategies?

Long Questions

  1. Explain Entrepreneurship in Digital Landscape. [90% important].
  2. Explain digital marketing strategies. [80% important].

FAQs

Q1: Are these questions enough for 100% marks?
Yes, these questions cover all important topics from Unit 1 to Unit 5 and are exam-focused.
Q2: Can I use this as a revision guide?
Absolutely, it is structured for short and long questions and is perfect for last-minute revision.
Q3: Are answers included?
No, this page contains questions only. You can answer them in your notebook or class notes.
Q4: Is this suitable for beginners?
Yes, the questions start from basic programming concepts and gradually move to advanced topics.
Q5: Can I download this page?
Yes, you can save this HTML file and access it offline anytime.